diff --git a/src/cdk/scrolling/scroll-dispatcher.spec.ts b/src/cdk/scrolling/scroll-dispatcher.spec.ts
index 530547bccd51..97c989652569 100644
--- a/src/cdk/scrolling/scroll-dispatcher.spec.ts
+++ b/src/cdk/scrolling/scroll-dispatcher.spec.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
 import {Component, ViewChild, ElementRef} from '@angular/core';
 import {CdkScrollable, ScrollDispatcher, ScrollingModule} from './public-api';
 import {dispatchFakeEvent} from '../testing/private';
+import {filter} from 'rxjs/operators';
 
 describe('ScrollDispatcher', () => {
   beforeEach(waitForAsync(() => {
@@ -106,7 +107,10 @@ describe('ScrollDispatcher', () => {
     it('should not register the same scrollable twice', () => {
       const scrollable = fixture.componentInstance.scrollable;
       const scrollSpy = jasmine.createSpy('scroll spy');
-      const scrollSubscription = scroll.scrolled(0).subscribe(scrollSpy);
+      const scrollSubscription = scroll
+        .scrolled(0)
+        .pipe(filter(target => target === scrollable))
+        .subscribe(scrollSpy);
 
       expect(scroll.scrollContainers.has(scrollable)).toBe(true);
 
@@ -119,6 +123,18 @@ describe('ScrollDispatcher', () => {
       expect(scrollSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
       scrollSubscription.unsubscribe();
     });
+
+    it('should register a capturing scroll event on the document', () => {
+      const spy = spyOn(document, 'addEventListener').and.callThrough();
+      const subscription = scroll.scrolled(0).subscribe();
+
+      expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'scroll',
+        jasmine.any(Function),
+        jasmine.objectContaining({capture: true}),
+      );
+      subscription.unsubscribe();
+    });
   });
 
   describe('Nested scrollables', () => {
diff --git a/src/cdk/scrolling/scroll-dispatcher.ts b/src/cdk/scrolling/scroll-dispatcher.ts
index 912cb3f79e52..e09d771c30c1 100644
--- a/src/cdk/scrolling/scroll-dispatcher.ts
+++ b/src/cdk/scrolling/scroll-dispatcher.ts
@@ -8,7 +8,15 @@
 
 import {coerceElement} from '../coercion';
 import {Platform} from '../platform';
-import {ElementRef, Injectable, NgZone, OnDestroy, RendererFactory2, inject} from '@angular/core';
+import {
+  DOCUMENT,
+  ElementRef,
+  Injectable,
+  NgZone,
+  OnDestroy,
+  RendererFactory2,
+  inject,
+} from '@angular/core';
 import {of as observableOf, Subject, Subscription, Observable, Observer} from 'rxjs';
 import {auditTime, filter} from 'rxjs/operators';
 import type {CdkScrollable} from './scrollable';
@@ -25,7 +33,9 @@ export class ScrollDispatcher implements OnDestroy {
   private _ngZone = inject(NgZone);
   private _platform = inject(Platform);
   private _renderer = inject(RendererFactory2).createRenderer(null, null);
+  private _document = inject(DOCUMENT);
   private _cleanupGlobalListener: (() => void) | undefined;
+  private _lastScrollFromDocument = false;
 
   constructor(...args: unknown[]);
   constructor() {}
@@ -87,7 +97,15 @@ export class ScrollDispatcher implements OnDestroy {
     return new Observable((observer: Observer<CdkScrollable | void>) => {
       if (!this._cleanupGlobalListener) {
         this._cleanupGlobalListener = this._ngZone.runOutsideAngular(() =>
-          this._renderer.listen('document', 'scroll', () => this._scrolled.next()),
+          this._renderer.listen(
+            'document',
+            'scroll',
+            (event: Event) => {
+              this._lastScrollFromDocument = event.target === this._document;
+              this._scrolled.next();
+            },
+            {capture: true},
+          ),
         );
       }
 
@@ -105,6 +123,7 @@ export class ScrollDispatcher implements OnDestroy {
         this._scrolledCount--;
 
         if (!this._scrolledCount) {
+          this._lastScrollFromDocument = false;
           this._cleanupGlobalListener?.();
           this._cleanupGlobalListener = undefined;
         }
@@ -132,7 +151,12 @@ export class ScrollDispatcher implements OnDestroy {
     const ancestors = this.getAncestorScrollContainers(elementOrElementRef);
 
     return this.scrolled(auditTimeInMs).pipe(
-      filter(target => !target || ancestors.indexOf(target) > -1),
+      filter(target => {
+        // The document is using capturing for its `scroll` event which means that we'll usually
+        // get two events here. This is what we want in most cases, but for the ancestor scrolling
+        // we actually want to know the exact ancestor that was scrolled.
+        return target ? ancestors.indexOf(target) > -1 : this._lastScrollFromDocument;
+      }),
     );
   }