search.py

#  Licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one or more contributor
#  license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
#  this work for additional information regarding copyright
#  ownership. Elasticsearch B.V. licenses this file to you under
#  the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#  not use this file except in compliance with the License.
#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# 	http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
#  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
#  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
#  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
#  specific language governing permissions and limitations
#  under the License.

import collections.abc
import copy

from elasticsearch.exceptions import NotFoundError, TransportError
from elasticsearch.helpers import scan

from .aggs import A, AggBase
from .connections import get_connection
from .exceptions import IllegalOperation
from .query import Bool, Q
from .response import Hit, Response
from .utils import AttrDict, DslBase, recursive_to_dict


class QueryProxy:
    """
    Simple proxy around DSL objects (queries) that can be called
    (to add query/post_filter) and also allows attribute access which is proxied to
    the wrapped query.
    """

    def __init__(self, search, attr_name):
        self._search = search
        self._proxied = None
        self._attr_name = attr_name

    def __nonzero__(self):
        return self._proxied is not None

    __bool__ = __nonzero__

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        s = self._search._clone()

        # we cannot use self._proxied since we just cloned self._search and
        # need to access the new self on the clone
        proxied = getattr(s, self._attr_name)
        if proxied._proxied is None:
            proxied._proxied = Q(*args, **kwargs)
        else:
            proxied._proxied &= Q(*args, **kwargs)

        # always return search to be chainable
        return s

    def __getattr__(self, attr_name):
        return getattr(self._proxied, attr_name)

    def __setattr__(self, attr_name, value):
        if not attr_name.startswith("_"):
            self._proxied = Q(self._proxied.to_dict())
            setattr(self._proxied, attr_name, value)
        super().__setattr__(attr_name, value)

    def __getstate__(self):
        return self._search, self._proxied, self._attr_name

    def __setstate__(self, state):
        self._search, self._proxied, self._attr_name = state


class ProxyDescriptor:
    """
    Simple descriptor to enable setting of queries and filters as:

        s = Search()
        s.query = Q(...)

    """

    def __init__(self, name):
        self._attr_name = f"_{name}_proxy"

    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        return getattr(instance, self._attr_name)

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        proxy = getattr(instance, self._attr_name)
        proxy._proxied = Q(value)


class AggsProxy(AggBase, DslBase):
    name = "aggs"

    def __init__(self, search):
        self._base = self
        self._search = search
        self._params = {"aggs": {}}

    def to_dict(self):
        return super().to_dict().get("aggs", {})


class Request:
    def __init__(self, using="default", index=None, doc_type=None, extra=None):
        self._using = using

        self._index = None
        if isinstance(index, (tuple, list)):
            self._index = list(index)
        elif index:
            self._index = [index]

        self._doc_type = []
        self._doc_type_map = {}
        if isinstance(doc_type, (tuple, list)):
            self._doc_type.extend(doc_type)
        elif isinstance(doc_type, collections.abc.Mapping):
            self._doc_type.extend(doc_type.keys())
            self._doc_type_map.update(doc_type)
        elif doc_type:
            self._doc_type.append(doc_type)

        self._params = {}
        self._extra = extra or {}

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return (
            isinstance(other, Request)
            and other._params == self._params
            and other._index == self._index
            and other._doc_type == self._doc_type
            and other.to_dict() == self.to_dict()
        )

    def __copy__(self):
        return self._clone()

    def params(self, **kwargs):
        """
        Specify query params to be used when executing the search. All the
        keyword arguments will override the current values. See
        https://elasticsearch-py.readthedocs.io/en/master/api.html#elasticsearch.Elasticsearch.search
        for all available parameters.

        Example::

            s = Search()
            s = s.params(routing='user-1', preference='local')
        """
        s = self._clone()
        s._params.update(kwargs)
        return s

    def index(self, *index):
        """
        Set the index for the search. If called empty it will remove all information.

        Example:

            s = Search()
            s = s.index('twitter-2015.01.01', 'twitter-2015.01.02')
            s = s.index(['twitter-2015.01.01', 'twitter-2015.01.02'])
        """
        # .index() resets
        s = self._clone()
        if not index:
            s._index = None
        else:
            indexes = []
            for i in index:
                if isinstance(i, str):
                    indexes.append(i)
                elif isinstance(i, list):
                    indexes += i
                elif isinstance(i, tuple):
                    indexes += list(i)

            s._index = (self._index or []) + indexes

        return s

    def _resolve_field(self, path):
        for dt in self._doc_type:
            if not hasattr(dt, "_index"):
                continue
            field = dt._index.resolve_field(path)
            if field is not None:
                return field

    def _resolve_nested(self, hit, parent_class=None):
        doc_class = Hit

        nested_path = []
        nesting = hit["_nested"]
        while nesting and "field" in nesting:
            nested_path.append(nesting["field"])
            nesting = nesting.get("_nested")
        nested_path = ".".join(nested_path)

        if hasattr(parent_class, "_index"):
            nested_field = parent_class._index.resolve_field(nested_path)
        else:
            nested_field = self._resolve_field(nested_path)

        if nested_field is not None:
            return nested_field._doc_class

        return doc_class

    def _get_result(self, hit, parent_class=None):
        doc_class = Hit
        dt = hit.get("_type")

        if "_nested" in hit:
            doc_class = self._resolve_nested(hit, parent_class)

        elif dt in self._doc_type_map:
            doc_class = self._doc_type_map[dt]

        else:
            for doc_type in self._doc_type:
                if hasattr(doc_type, "_matches") and doc_type._matches(hit):
                    doc_class = doc_type
                    break

        for t in hit.get("inner_hits", ()):
            hit["inner_hits"][t] = Response(
                self, hit["inner_hits"][t], doc_class=doc_class
            )

        callback = getattr(doc_class, "from_es", doc_class)
        return callback(hit)

    def doc_type(self, *doc_type, **kwargs):
        """
        Set the type to search through. You can supply a single value or
        multiple. Values can be strings or subclasses of ``Document``.

        You can also pass in any keyword arguments, mapping a doc_type to a
        callback that should be used instead of the Hit class.

        If no doc_type is supplied any information stored on the instance will
        be erased.

        Example:

            s = Search().doc_type('product', 'store', User, custom=my_callback)
        """
        # .doc_type() resets
        s = self._clone()
        if not doc_type and not kwargs:
            s._doc_type = []
            s._doc_type_map = {}
        else:
            s._doc_type.extend(doc_type)
            s._doc_type.extend(kwargs.keys())
            s._doc_type_map.update(kwargs)
        return s

    def using(self, client):
        """
        Associate the search request with an elasticsearch client. A fresh copy
        will be returned with current instance remaining unchanged.

        :arg client: an instance of ``elasticsearch.Elasticsearch`` to use or
            an alias to look up in ``elasticsearch_dsl.connections``

        """
        s = self._clone()
        s._using = client
        return s

    def extra(self, **kwargs):
        """
        Add extra keys to the request body. Mostly here for backwards
        compatibility.
        """
        s = self._clone()
        if "from_" in kwargs:
            kwargs["from"] = kwargs.pop("from_")
        s._extra.update(kwargs)
        return s

    def _clone(self):
        s = self.__class__(
            using=self._using, index=self._index, doc_type=self._doc_type
        )
        s._doc_type_map = self._doc_type_map.copy()
        s._extra = self._extra.copy()
        s._params = self._params.copy()
        return s


class Search(Request):
    query = ProxyDescriptor("query")
    post_filter = ProxyDescriptor("post_filter")

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        """
        Search request to elasticsearch.

        :arg using: `Elasticsearch` instance to use
        :arg index: limit the search to index
        :arg doc_type: only query this type.

        All the parameters supplied (or omitted) at creation type can be later
        overridden by methods (`using`, `index` and `doc_type` respectively).
        """
        super().__init__(**kwargs)

        self.aggs = AggsProxy(self)
        self._sort = []
        self._source = None
        self._highlight = {}
        self._highlight_opts = {}
        self._suggest = {}
        self._script_fields = {}
        self._response_class = Response

        self._query_proxy = QueryProxy(self, "query")
        self._post_filter_proxy = QueryProxy(self, "post_filter")

    def filter(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.query(Bool(filter=[Q(*args, **kwargs)]))

    def exclude(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.query(Bool(filter=[~Q(*args, **kwargs)]))

    def __iter__(self):
        """
        Iterate over the hits.
        """
        return iter(self.execute())

    def __getitem__(self, n):
        """
        Support slicing the `Search` instance for pagination.

        Slicing equates to the from/size parameters. E.g.::

            s = Search().query(...)[0:25]

        is equivalent to::

            s = Search().query(...).extra(from_=0, size=25)

        """
        s = self._clone()

        if isinstance(n, slice):
            # If negative slicing, abort.
            if n.start and n.start < 0 or n.stop and n.stop < 0:
                raise ValueError("Search does not support negative slicing.")
            # Elasticsearch won't get all results so we default to size: 10 if
            # stop not given.
            s._extra["from"] = n.start or 0
            s._extra["size"] = max(
                0, n.stop - (n.start or 0) if n.stop is not None else 10
            )
            return s
        else:  # This is an index lookup, equivalent to slicing by [n:n+1].
            # If negative index, abort.
            if n < 0:
                raise ValueError("Search does not support negative indexing.")
            s._extra["from"] = n
            s._extra["size"] = 1
            return s

    @classmethod
    def from_dict(cls, d):
        """
        Construct a new `Search` instance from a raw dict containing the search
        body. Useful when migrating from raw dictionaries.

        Example::

            s = Search.from_dict({
                "query": {
                    "bool": {
                        "must": [...]
                    }
                },
                "aggs": {...}
            })
            s = s.filter('term', published=True)
        """
        s = cls()
        s.update_from_dict(d)
        return s

    def _clone(self):
        """
        Return a clone of the current search request. Performs a shallow copy
        of all the underlying objects. Used internally by most state modifying
        APIs.
        """
        s = super()._clone()

        s._response_class = self._response_class
        s._sort = self._sort[:]
        s._source = copy.copy(self._source) if self._source is not None else None
        s._highlight = self._highlight.copy()
        s._highlight_opts = self._highlight_opts.copy()
        s._suggest = self._suggest.copy()
        s._script_fields = self._script_fields.copy()
        for x in ("query", "post_filter"):
            getattr(s, x)._proxied = getattr(self, x)._proxied

        # copy top-level bucket definitions
        if self.aggs._params.get("aggs"):
            s.aggs._params = {"aggs": self.aggs._params["aggs"].copy()}
        return s

    def response_class(self, cls):
        """
        Override the default wrapper used for the response.
        """
        s = self._clone()
        s._response_class = cls
        return s

    def update_from_dict(self, d):
        """
        Apply options from a serialized body to the current instance. Modifies
        the object in-place. Used mostly by ``from_dict``.
        """
        d = d.copy()
        if "query" in d:
            self.query._proxied = Q(d.pop("query"))
        if "post_filter" in d:
            self.post_filter._proxied = Q(d.pop("post_filter"))

        aggs = d.pop("aggs", d.pop("aggregations", {}))
        if aggs:
            self.aggs._params = {
                "aggs": {name: A(value) for (name, value) in aggs.items()}
            }
        if "sort" in d:
            self._sort = d.pop("sort")
        if "_source" in d:
            self._source = d.pop("_source")
        if "highlight" in d:
            high = d.pop("highlight").copy()
            self._highlight = high.pop("fields")
            self._highlight_opts = high
        if "suggest" in d:
            self._suggest = d.pop("suggest")
            if "text" in self._suggest:
                text = self._suggest.pop("text")
                for s in self._suggest.values():
                    s.setdefault("text", text)
        if "script_fields" in d:
            self._script_fields = d.pop("script_fields")
        self._extra.update(d)
        return self

    def script_fields(self, **kwargs):
        """
        Define script fields to be calculated on hits. See
        https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-request-script-fields.html
        for more details.

        Example::

            s = Search()
            s = s.script_fields(times_two="doc['field'].value * 2")
            s = s.script_fields(
                times_three={
                    'script': {
                        'lang': 'painless',
                        'source': "doc['field'].value * params.n",
                        'params': {'n': 3}
                    }
                }
            )

        """
        s = self._clone()
        for name in kwargs:
            if isinstance(kwargs[name], str):
                kwargs[name] = {"script": kwargs[name]}
        s._script_fields.update(kwargs)
        return s

    def source(self, fields=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Selectively control how the _source field is returned.

        :arg fields: wildcard string, array of wildcards, or dictionary of includes and excludes

        If ``fields`` is None, the entire document will be returned for
        each hit.  If fields is a dictionary with keys of 'includes' and/or
        'excludes' the fields will be either included or excluded appropriately.

        Calling this multiple times with the same named parameter will override the
        previous values with the new ones.

        Example::

            s = Search()
            s = s.source(includes=['obj1.*'], excludes=["*.description"])

            s = Search()
            s = s.source(includes=['obj1.*']).source(excludes=["*.description"])

        """
        s = self._clone()

        if fields and kwargs:
            raise ValueError("You cannot specify fields and kwargs at the same time.")

        if fields is not None:
            s._source = fields
            return s

        if kwargs and not isinstance(s._source, dict):
            s._source = {}

        for key, value in kwargs.items():
            if value is None:
                try:
                    del s._source[key]
                except KeyError:
                    pass
            else:
                s._source[key] = value

        return s

    def sort(self, *keys):
        """
        Add sorting information to the search request. If called without
        arguments it will remove all sort requirements. Otherwise it will
        replace them. Acceptable arguments are::

            'some.field'
            '-some.other.field'
            {'different.field': {'any': 'dict'}}

        so for example::

            s = Search().sort(
                'category',
                '-title',
                {"price" : {"order" : "asc", "mode" : "avg"}}
            )

        will sort by ``category``, ``title`` (in descending order) and
        ``price`` in ascending order using the ``avg`` mode.

        The API returns a copy of the Search object and can thus be chained.
        """
        s = self._clone()
        s._sort = []
        for k in keys:
            if isinstance(k, str) and k.startswith("-"):
                if k[1:] == "_score":
                    raise IllegalOperation("Sorting by `-_score` is not allowed.")
                k = {k[1:]: {"order": "desc"}}
            s._sort.append(k)
        return s

    def highlight_options(self, **kwargs):
        """
        Update the global highlighting options used for this request. For
        example::

            s = Search()
            s = s.highlight_options(order='score')
        """
        s = self._clone()
        s._highlight_opts.update(kwargs)
        return s

    def highlight(self, *fields, **kwargs):
        """
        Request highlighting of some fields. All keyword arguments passed in will be
        used as parameters for all the fields in the ``fields`` parameter. Example::

            Search().highlight('title', 'body', fragment_size=50)

        will produce the equivalent of::

            {
                "highlight": {
                    "fields": {
                        "body": {"fragment_size": 50},
                        "title": {"fragment_size": 50}
                    }
                }
            }

        If you want to have different options for different fields
        you can call ``highlight`` twice::

            Search().highlight('title', fragment_size=50).highlight('body', fragment_size=100)

        which will produce::

            {
                "highlight": {
                    "fields": {
                        "body": {"fragment_size": 100},
                        "title": {"fragment_size": 50}
                    }
                }
            }

        """
        s = self._clone()
        for f in fields:
            s._highlight[f] = kwargs
        return s

    def suggest(self, name, text, **kwargs):
        """
        Add a suggestions request to the search.

        :arg name: name of the suggestion
        :arg text: text to suggest on

        All keyword arguments will be added to the suggestions body. For example::

            s = Search()
            s = s.suggest('suggestion-1', 'Elasticsearch', term={'field': 'body'})
        """
        s = self._clone()
        s._suggest[name] = {"text": text}
        s._suggest[name].update(kwargs)
        return s

    def to_dict(self, count=False, **kwargs):
        """
        Serialize the search into the dictionary that will be sent over as the
        request's body.

        :arg count: a flag to specify if we are interested in a body for count -
            no aggregations, no pagination bounds etc.

        All additional keyword arguments will be included into the dictionary.
        """
        d = {}

        if self.query:
            d["query"] = self.query.to_dict()

        # count request doesn't care for sorting and other things
        if not count:
            if self.post_filter:
                d["post_filter"] = self.post_filter.to_dict()

            if self.aggs.aggs:
                d.update(self.aggs.to_dict())

            if self._sort:
                d["sort"] = self._sort

            d.update(recursive_to_dict(self._extra))

            if self._source not in (None, {}):
                d["_source"] = self._source

            if self._highlight:
                d["highlight"] = {"fields": self._highlight}
                d["highlight"].update(self._highlight_opts)

            if self._suggest:
                d["suggest"] = self._suggest

            if self._script_fields:
                d["script_fields"] = self._script_fields

        d.update(recursive_to_dict(kwargs))
        return d

    def count(self):
        """
        Return the number of hits matching the query and filters. Note that
        only the actual number is returned.
        """
        if hasattr(self, "_response") and self._response.hits.total.relation == "eq":
            return self._response.hits.total.value

        es = get_connection(self._using)

        d = self.to_dict(count=True)
        # TODO: failed shards detection
        return es.count(index=self._index, body=d, **self._params)["count"]

    def execute(self, ignore_cache=False):
        """
        Execute the search and return an instance of ``Response`` wrapping all
        the data.

        :arg ignore_cache: if set to ``True``, consecutive calls will hit
            ES, while cached result will be ignored. Defaults to `False`
        """
        if ignore_cache or not hasattr(self, "_response"):
            es = get_connection(self._using)

            self._response = self._response_class(
                self, es.search(index=self._index, body=self.to_dict(), **self._params)
            )
        return self._response

    def scan(self):
        """
        Turn the search into a scan search and return a generator that will
        iterate over all the documents matching the query.

        Use ``params`` method to specify any additional arguments you with to
        pass to the underlying ``scan`` helper from ``elasticsearch-py`` -
        https://elasticsearch-py.readthedocs.io/en/master/helpers.html#elasticsearch.helpers.scan

        """
        es = get_connection(self._using)

        for hit in scan(es, query=self.to_dict(), index=self._index, **self._params):
            yield self._get_result(hit)

    def page(self):
        """
        Turn the search into a paged search utilizing Point in Time (PIT) and search_after.
        Returns a generator that will iterate over all the documents matching the query.
        """
        search = self._clone()

        # A sort is required to page search results. We use the optimized default if sort is None.
        # https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/paginate-search-results.html
        if not search._sort:
            search._sort = ["_shard_doc"]

        keep_alive = search._params.pop("keep_alive", "30s")
        es = get_connection(search._using)

        pit = es.open_point_in_time(
            index=search._index,
            keep_alive=keep_alive,
        )
        pit_id = pit["id"]

        # The index is passed with Point in Time (PIT).
        search._index = None
        search._extra.update(pit={"id": pit_id, "keep_alive": keep_alive})

        es = get_connection(search._using)

        response = es.search(body=search.to_dict(), **search._params)
        while hits := response["hits"]["hits"]:
            for hit in hits:
                yield self._get_result(hit)

            # If we have fewer hits than our batch size, we know there are no more results.
            if len(hits) < search._params.get("size", 0):
                break

            last_document = hits[-1]
            pit_id = response["pit_id"]
            search._extra.update(
                pit={"id": pit_id, "keep_alive": keep_alive},
                search_after=last_document["sort"],
            )
            response = es.search(body=search.to_dict(), **search._params)

        # Try to close the PIT unless it is already closed.
        try:
            search._using.close_point_in_time(body={"id": pit_id})
        except NotFoundError:
            pass

    def delete(self):
        """
        delete() executes the query by delegating to delete_by_query()
        """

        es = get_connection(self._using)

        return AttrDict(
            es.delete_by_query(index=self._index, body=self.to_dict(), **self._params)
        )


class MultiSearch(Request):
    """
    Combine multiple :class:`~elasticsearch_dsl.Search` objects into a single
    request.
    """

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self._searches = []

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        return self._searches[key]

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self._searches)

    def _clone(self):
        ms = super()._clone()
        ms._searches = self._searches[:]
        return ms

    def add(self, search):
        """
        Adds a new :class:`~elasticsearch_dsl.Search` object to the request::

            ms = MultiSearch(index='my-index')
            ms = ms.add(Search(doc_type=Category).filter('term', category='python'))
            ms = ms.add(Search(doc_type=Blog))
        """
        ms = self._clone()
        ms._searches.append(search)
        return ms

    def to_dict(self):
        out = []
        for s in self._searches:
            meta = {}
            if s._index:
                meta["index"] = s._index
            meta.update(s._params)

            out.append(meta)
            out.append(s.to_dict())

        return out

    def execute(self, ignore_cache=False, raise_on_error=True):
        """
        Execute the multi search request and return a list of search results.
        """
        if ignore_cache or not hasattr(self, "_response"):
            es = get_connection(self._using)

            responses = es.msearch(
                index=self._index, body=self.to_dict(), **self._params
            )

            out = []
            for s, r in zip(self._searches, responses["responses"]):
                if r.get("error", False):
                    if raise_on_error:
                        raise TransportError("N/A", r["error"]["type"], r["error"])
                    r = None
                else:
                    r = Response(s, r)
                out.append(r)

            self._response = out

        return self._response